This article is devoted to learning the history of architectural monuments in Uzbekistan from the researches of the Soviet period. Special attention is given to the history of studying the peculiarity of architecture in Uzbekistan, especially of architectural masterpieces’ structures, shapes, and views, and ancient traditions in national architecture and questions of their decorations. Additionally, the roles of archival and photo documents of the Central Archive Management of the Republic of Uzbekistan and The Committee of Preservation of Middle Asia’s ancient art, monuments, natural resources, and museum affairs in the Central State Archive of the Republic of Uzbekistan are illuminated in the study of Uzbekistan’s architectural monuments during the end of the 19th-20th centuries. It pays special attention to covering the history of the activities of state institutions in scientific study, and the restoration and preservation of the architectural monuments of the Republic. The article also contains scientific analysis of documents from personal archives of scientific researchers such as V. Pugachenkova, who play important roles in the study of various aspects of Uzbekistan’s architectural monuments.