The Soviet Union's breakup made Kyrgyzstan known as an independent state into the world arena. But at the same time Kyrgyzstan faced the period of social, political, economic and cultural crises. These social and cultural crises in Kyrgyzstan lasted for a long time period and the people’s social life was lowered. Therefore, in order to investigate these processes and examine closely the various studies have been conducted. One of those researches was tend to investigate the urban and rural social-cultural identity in Kyrgyzstan. In order to clarify the above mentioned social, political, economic and cultural processes in Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University (Kyrgyzstan) in 2011-2012 sociological research named "Social Identity of the Turkic Peoples in the Civilization Process: Kyrgyzstan Case" had been conducted. The paper contains the materials on the social-cultural identity of the Kyrgyz society taken from the research. Besides the paper covers the differences and similarities between the urban and rural social life of Kyrgyzstan; the influence of Kyrgyzstan’s economics on culture and the culture modification as a result of world globalization; the traditional and contemporary cultures in the Kyrgyz society.