After the Soviet Union's disintegration and acquisition of sovereignty by the former Soviet republics the newly formed states having enormous energy resources, communinications, military, strategic and geopolitical potential faced some new opportunities. In view of changing geopolitical and economic situation and world order the Central Asian region turned into the key player of international politics. Various regions actively partcipated in the process of globalization, numerous geopolitical mega-projects were developed. Among them there were projects of construction of gas and oil pipelines supported by the EU members, USA, China, as well as one of the largest transportation projects - TRACECA aimed at connecting Europe and Asia with transportationn lines bypassing Russia. Russia is also interested in economic partnership with Central Asian countries. Nowadays she is the only country that has a Transeurasian main line - the real alternative to the new Silk Road which can provide the basis for the transcontinental transportation structure. However in order to implement such project Russia needs to modernize her old transportation system.