Beginning from the thirteenth century increasing demand of silk and silk products in Europe has boosted the value and the trade of these products. Especially from the thirteenth to eighteenth century the use and spread of silk from China to Europe as commercial merchandise among European countries also comprised the wealth source of the mentioned countries. The Silk Road had a great importance in the development of this trade activity. In the policy of the Ottomans to capture major centres of the Silk Road like Ankara, Osmancık, Amasya and Erzincan lay the awareness of the importance of this trade road. Consequently, it was politic activities of the Ottomans on the road to Tabriz that had brought Bayezid I and Tamerlane to Ankara War in 1402. The desire to dominate the trade road continued in the following periods. It became one of the major factors designating the Oriental policy of the Ottoman State. This presentation will analyse initiatives that the Ottomans had undertaken to dominate and increase commercial function of the Silk Road, the activities that Ottomans had performed to invigorate the trade activities even at the time when the road lost its importance, in other words, the Silk Road policy of the Ottomans.